Primitive Pursuits Field Protocols

What to do when you’re lost in the woods



1. Take a moment to just breathe –
Realizing that you’re lost is stressful and unsettling. So do whatever you need to do to relax for just a minute… do some stretches, make a poem about the scary looking tree. This moment alone could be all you need to get un-lost, but if you’re still lost:


2. Asses the hazards –
OK you’re lost but how bad is it really? Are you injured? How far have you traveled since you last knew where you were? Does anybody know where you went? How long till someone starts noticing your absence? What do you have with you? What are the true dangers? Are there cliffs, etc? The basic idea hear is - don’t make it worse, take advantage of what is going right.

3. Come to your senses –
Use all of your senses. If you have managed to calm down a bit then perhaps simply “tuning in” might help the situation. Do you hear and recognizable distant sounds such as traffic, people, machinery? Do you see any familiar landmarks such as streams, hiking trails or distant hills that may guide you? Do you feel warm or cold? Going through all of your sense can be relaxing as well as informative.


4. Make observations from multiple perspectives –
Once you’re relatively calm and utilizing your senses start thinking in terms of “Near & Far”. What does the landscape look like around you? What is the terrain like? Look at the contours of the land both close by and far away. Is the sun visible? Can you determine which way you came from?


5. Make a decision –
Consciously choose what you are going to do only after relaxing and making a thorough set of observations. The basic rule of thumb is that you should simply stay put, but there are sometimes good reasons for not doing so. This is a good time to consider one basic fact: if you leave the spot where you are you will likely walk in circles and you may become more lost.


If you stay:

• Make your self more visible – Light a fire, make lots of noise, pick an open and/ or elevated location (it’s not a good time to fall out of a tree).

• Respond to rescuers –Many lost people become fearful to the point of hiding from rescuers. Between making noises, be sure to stop and listen hard.

• Take care of your self – Seek out natural shelters, stay hydrated, use the tools and resources you have and forgive yourself for being a modern human.

If you keep moving:

• Stay Present – Continue to assess the situation & use all your senses. This is the time to play back all the time you’ve heard someone say “Stay calm! Everyone just stay calm…” and then to follow that advice. Breathe. Listen. Go slow.

• Be intentional – Do not wander aimlessly. If you can not get back to the place where you first realized that you were lost then you’ll be in serious danger of becoming “more lost”.

• Know when to stop – If you are no longer feeling well, if you are getting too cold or are otherwise unable to make decisions based on good observations then it may be time to take care of your basic needs: warmth and hydration. You can do this much better by staying put and focusing on resources.


Aidless Navigation Tools


A critical fact to consider is that in uniform terrains people tend to travel in circles when they are lost. This is not very helpful when you are trying to get somewhere, but knowing this will allow you to do something different.


Tool number 1: “Sight lining” - or How to walk in a straight line
If you can line up three objects in the landscape then you can walk in a straight line. Simply walk to the second object, glance back to the first and ahead to the third then pick a new object to walk to that is in line with both. If you continue this leap frog exercise then you will be going in a straight line and not walking in circles. In locations such as Tompkins County where wilderness areas are rather small, walking in a straight line will get you to civilization relatively soon.


Tool number 2: “Song lining”
This tool can be most helpful if you practice it before you are lost, but it works the same either way. The principal is to create a story or “song” that uses natural objects and features in the landscape as the characters. Begin by choosing a unique feature in the landscape that you could easily recognize (from any angle) when you see it again. Head off in the direction you desire to go but before losing sight of your chosen object pick another one to string along in your story. The more personal you make these objects (“Uncle Bob’s big hairy toe”) the easier it will be to remember the story as you go. Add a familiar melody, and repeat as you go.


Tool number 3: Build a sun compass
If the sun is shining and you have shadows to play with give this a try. Put a straight stick in the ground and take note of where its shadow is cast. Mark the tip of the shadow where it falls on the ground with another stick. Over the course of the next 15 minutes to an hour, the original shadow will move far enough for you to mark it’s tip several more times. If you connect the points that you have marked you will have something close to a straight line moving west to east. You can now determine which way is north and south by simply making a perpendicular line to the points you have marked. And now you have a compass!


For many more tools or a chance to intentionally get lost (with a guide) give us a call or shoot us an email.
primitivepursuits@cornell.edu

Dirt Love

For many children (and adults) one of the biggest barriers to stepping outside and starting a relationship with nature is a fear of getting dirty. We are taught to wash our hands, and rightly so – but sometimes our concern to avoid germs leads to a near phobia of real good, clean dirt.

If you want your child to develop a love for the natural world, to see beauty and life in the wild backyard, you may first need to break down some barriers of discomfort. One of the best ways to do this is to start with small positive experiences around getting dirty. Below are some activities you could do with a child of any age – just be careful not to push the tentative child too far – better to end on a good note after a brief encounter.

Start by simply going outside. Take a walk on a nature trail. Try to make it fun, and let your own enthusiasm shine. Do you love birds? Let your wonder soar, but be mindful not to overload your young hiking companion with information that may bore him/her. Point things out, and eventually you’ll find something that also inspires their wonder. Maybe it will start as a question, “I wonder what made the hole in that tree?” If you find anything that sparks their interest, explore with them. And don’t be afraid if you can’t answer the questions.

If you find a muddy spot, look for tracks. Where do you see toes, claws, shoe prints? Lean in close to the mud to take a better look. Now, walk through it yourself and observe your own tracks together. There is a hidden message here, and it’s going to start seeping in – dirt is okay. Just the act of role modeling touching dirt will be very profound.

The next step is to find a way to comfortably navigate your way OFF the trail. The fall is a great time to wander – maybe you can find a rotten log to turn over, looking for bugs or salamanders? Getting your hands dirty in rotten logs may still be uncomfortable for some kids, but the life forms found under rocks and logs are so intriguing, that maybe they’ll momentarily forget. They’ll get their hands a little dirty, and this is dirt that brushes off easily. Good gateway dirt! Remember to show respect for the creatures you find, to carefully replace their homes, and to thank them for letting you visit.

Are your hands dirty yet? Good! See if you can keep the adventure going without a trip back to clean up.

Another activity I love is playing with clay. Find a natural deposit as you wander along a creek or stream. It’s such a fun tactile sensation to explore the way you can shape clay – make balls, cubes, snakes, turtles, the Parthenon – whatever you can imagine. The important thing here is that it is now becoming a fun, positive experience to get dirty.

As you wander along the creek bed, find a large, flat rock. This is now your palette. Find different rocks and experiment with rubbing them on the rock to create “rock paint.” You can use this to paint other rocks, your hands & arms, or for the child that is now really embracing the beauty of clean dirt, it is a great face paint!

Our lives depend on dirt. The soil and organisms that inhabit it create the foundation of our ecosystem, a place for plants and trees to grow, which we need for food, shelter, and even the air we breathe. Create time in your day today to appreciate dirt, and share it with someone you love!


Heidi Bardy- Lives with her partner in a yurt outside of Ithaca N.Y. and spends many days of the year in the forest getting dirty with children through her work with Primitive Pursuits, a local non-profit organization.

I am kneeling low on the ground

I am kneeling low on the ground, palms up in front of me, the backs of my hands touching the ground. My face is inches from the forest floor, and I am waiting. Rustling in the dry leaves to my right, I see a line of feet – sneakers, brightly colored rubber boots, gym shoes, and hiking boots. The children, elementary school students, are lined up, quietly and anxiously awaiting their turn to step on my open hands.

How did we get here?

Fox walking, we sometimes say, is the act of stepping lightly on the earth. I teach this skill as an essential wilderness skill – equal in importance to learning wild plants or tracking. We go over the basic logistics of it: relaxed and balanced stance, laying a soft foot on the ground starting with the little toe, rolling to big toe, then setting the heel and whole foot against the ground before shifting your weight. Simple and elegant, yet there is so much more to it than that. Asking them to relax their eyes, and expand their peripheral vision (owl eyes), I tell them to imagine they are stepping on someone’s face – the face of the earth. Can we soften our steps, and quiet our minds enough to actually leave lighter tracks?

As a test, I offer to let each of them walk on my hands. Which brings me to where we started: kneeling low on the earth, hands open, ready, and waiting. I tell them that I trust them, and that I know they won’t hurt me.

I notice several patterns in their steps: some step stiff and awkward, yet the soft earth still cushions my hands. Some fully press on my hands, and I feel the gentle roll from toes to heel on my palms and fingertips. Some, however, are afraid to commit – they lay a foot on one of my hands, then quickly hop to the next foot so their weight never fully lands on me.

I realize another thing: after this brief lesson, they trust me more. It is as if my willingness to trust them, this most simple vulnerability of hands on feet, has somehow won a little bit of their trust.

So my question to them, to each of us is: which are you? The earth is open to us all, palms up and ready to accept our awkward footsteps. Are you striding blindly forward, and ignoring what she is willing to teach? Are you stepping carefully, no matter how awkward and unbalanced, but at least trying to feel her face through your boots? Or, if after seeing her laid out before you, are you so afraid to make a mistake or hurt her, that you will not let yourself fully step in?

How do we move from a place of fear, to a place of exploration? I told them I trusted them, and to you I say the same. I knew they wouldn’t hurt me because they were walking out from a place of intention. As you leave this page, you are now walking out with intention. Walk in awareness and you will know which steps you need to take. You will know where to lighten up, where to step higher, where to stop and listen quietly.

So, I welcome you on this journey. Walk with me. Or, when the time comes, kneel down, put your face near the earth, and lay your palms open upward. We have so much to learn together.

Ahh... summer.

Just a few fleeting glances of the joy of green....

The Story of a Great American Tree

The below article was written by Akiva Silver, Primitive Pursuits educator, and is being published by the May 6th "Broader View."

The American chestnut might have been the greatest tree to ever live on this earth. It lived up and down the Appalachian range and throughout New York State (excluding the Adirondacks). The chestnuts of the old days grew to over 150 feet tall; they were called the “redwoods of the east.” Great pillars of life, these trees were highly valued for their wood and enormous crops of chestnuts.

Chestnut wood is rot resistant, light, and easy to work. It was used for everything from building barns and houses to fence posts and furniture. The nuts were another story. Not only did they benefit humans, entire populations of animals came to rely on the dependable annual crops. It was said that in an old grove of American chestnuts the forest floor would be ‘knee deep in nuts’ every fall. I did not believe this until I saw a photograph of two loggers standing in front of one of these giant trees. It is hard to believe that they were not redwoods or sequoias.

In old time Appalachia selling chestnuts was a guaranteed income bonus every autumn. The streets of New York City were busy roasting and selling the nuts. Everything changed suddenly- in the early 1900s the trees started dying. People watched in horror and astonishment as four billion trees died in a 20 year span. A disease called chestnut blight accidentally introduced from China spread like a fire that could not be put out. Lumbermen salvage logged every chestnut tree they could, ignoring the possible presence of disease resistant trees.

No one gathered nuts for roasting. Countless turkeys, deer, bears, raccoons, squirrels, crows, etc. were devastated. Huge white tree skeletons stood from Maine to Georgia. Chestnut had been the dominant tree of Appalachia, in the heart of its range, comprising 70% of the forest. The loss of the American chestnut tree is considered by many biologists to be the biggest ecological catastrophe in human history.

Many people gathered any seeds they could find and began the great breeding project that continues today. Disease resistant trees became the holy grail of American chestnut growers. Some cross-bred American and Chinese chestnuts to create this tree, while others focused on pure American species. People have been trying everything imaginable to save this tree, including radiating nuts and genetic engineering. To this day a chestnut tree that is immune to the blight and is able to reach the forest canopy is still being sought after. Growing American chestnuts takes place at research stations, in our local wild forests, and in backyards.

I recently planted 18 American hybrid chestnuts on my land in Spencer and 25 with a group of kids at 4-H acres with Primitive Pursuits. The money to buy the trees came from donations acquired through the monthly tree walks I lead and from Primitive Pursuits families. The next walk is on May 9^th at 2 pm at Lindsay Parsons Biodiversity Preserve in West Danby. You can come for free or make a $5 donation toward American chestnut restoration. The walks cover tree identification, natural history, edible plants, and survival uses of trees and plants.

Akiva Silver can be reached by email at akivasilver@yahoo.com

Epic adventures with Winter Explorers

At our Winter Explorers homeschool program, we travel to various wild areas around Tompkins County. Here is just a small sample.







Oh, the places we've been! Lick Brook, Shindagin Hollow, Connecticut Hill, and Diane's Crossing, to name just a few...

Primitives out and about and South

I was visiting family on Apopka Lake in Florida over the holidays. Although immersed in suburbia and holiday festvities, I still sought out areas of wilderness to walk and visit an away-from-home sit-spot.

As I walked along the lake, I stopped to watch a pair of red-shouldered hawks above in a Live Oak tree (a southern oak species). I fox-walked closer, not wanting to disturb them on that chilly morning. Ruffled feathers and sideways glances informed me that they were aware of my presence, but allowed me to approach.

As I stood and watched them, a HUGE bird came crashing through the branches and landed in the same tree with them. To my amazement, it was a bald eagle!

I stood, amazed and amused. This large, regal bird let out a series of squeaky, baby-sounding cries. I chuckled, and he flapped clumsily.

Over the next several days, I continued to visit that spot, and saw the same hawks, eagle, and many osprey. Having this secret spot away from home made me feel so much more at-home while being way.